The Light al-Nūr ( النور )

64 verses • revealed at Medinan

»The surah that contains the inimitable verse that celebrates God as The Light of the heavens and earth, guiding to Himself whomever He so wills. It is named after the “Light Verse” which occurs at

, where God’s light is contrasted to the darkness in which the disbelievers find themselves engulfed. The surah clarifies several regulations for the Muslim community, mainly to do with marriage, modesty, obedience to the Prophet, and appropriate behaviour in the household.«

بِسمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحمٰنِ الرَّحيمِ

Transliteration: bi-smi llāhi r-raḥmāni r-raḥīmⁱ

Translation: In the Name of Allah, the All-beneficent, the All-merciful.

1

سورَةٌ أَنزَلناها وَفَرَضناها وَأَنزَلنا فيها آياتٍ بَيِّناتٍ لَعَلَّكُم تَذَكَّرونَ

Transliteration

sūratun ʾanzalnāhā wa-faraḍnāhā wa-ʾanzalnā fīhā ʾāyātin bayyinātin laʿallakum tadhakkarūn^a

Translation

[This is] a sūrah which We have sent down, and prescribed it, and We have sent down in it manifest signs so that you may take admonition.

2

الزّانِيَةُ وَالزّاني فَاجلِدوا كُلَّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما مِائَةَ جَلدَةٍ ۖ وَلا تَأخُذكُم بِهِما رَأفَةٌ في دينِ اللَّهِ إِن كُنتُم تُؤمِنونَ بِاللَّهِ وَاليَومِ الآخِرِ ۖ وَليَشهَد عَذابَهُما طائِفَةٌ مِنَ المُؤمِنينَ

Transliteration

^az-zāniyatu wa-z-zānī fa-jlidū kulla wāḥidin minhumā miʾata jaldatin wa-lā taʾkhudhkum bihimā raʾfatun fī dīni llāhi ʾin kuntum tuʾminūna bi-llāhi wa-l-yawmi l-ʾākhiri wa-l-yashhad ʿadhābahumā ṭāʾifatun mina l-muʾminīn^a

Translation

As for the fornicatress and the fornicator, strike each of them a hundred lashes, and let not pity for them overcome you in Allah’s law, if you believe in Allah and the Last Day, and let their punishment be witnessed by a group of the faithful.

3

الزّاني لا يَنكِحُ إِلّا زانِيَةً أَو مُشرِكَةً وَالزّانِيَةُ لا يَنكِحُها إِلّا زانٍ أَو مُشرِكٌ ۚ وَحُرِّمَ ذٰلِكَ عَلَى المُؤمِنينَ

Transliteration

^az-zānī lā yankiḥu ʾillā zāniyatan ʾaw mushrikatan wa-z-zāniyatu lā yankiḥuhā ʾillā zānin ʾaw mushrikun wa-ḥurrima dhālika ʿalā l-muʾminīn^a

Translation

The fornicator shall not marry anyone but a fornicatress or an idolatress, and the fornicatress shall be married by none except a fornicator or an idolater, and that is forbidden to the faithful.

4

وَالَّذينَ يَرمونَ المُحصَناتِ ثُمَّ لَم يَأتوا بِأَربَعَةِ شُهَداءَ فَاجلِدوهُم ثَمانينَ جَلدَةً وَلا تَقبَلوا لَهُم شَهادَةً أَبَدًا ۚ وَأُولٰئِكَ هُمُ الفاسِقونَ

Transliteration

wa-lladhīna yarmūna l-muḥṣanāti thumma lam yaʾtū bi-ʾarbaʿati shuhadāʾa fa-jlidūhum thamānīna jaldatan wa-lā taqbalū lahum shahādatan ʾabadan wa-ʾulāʾika humu l-fāsiqūn^a

Translation

As for those who accuse honourable women and do not bring four witnesses, strike them eighty lashes, and never accept any testimony from them after that, and they are transgressors,

5

إِلَّا الَّذينَ تابوا مِن بَعدِ ذٰلِكَ وَأَصلَحوا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفورٌ رَحيمٌ

Transliteration

ʾillā lladhīna tābū min baʿdi dhālika wa-ʾaṣlaḥū fa-ʾinna llāha ghafūrun raḥīm^un

Translation

excepting those who repent after that and reform, for Allah is indeed all-forgiving, all-merciful.

6

وَالَّذينَ يَرمونَ أَزواجَهُم وَلَم يَكُن لَهُم شُهَداءُ إِلّا أَنفُسُهُم فَشَهادَةُ أَحَدِهِم أَربَعُ شَهاداتٍ بِاللَّهِ ۙ إِنَّهُ لَمِنَ الصّادِقينَ

Transliteration

wa-lladhīna yarmūna ʾazwājahum wa-lam yakun lahum shuhadāʾu ʾillā ʾanfusuhum fa-shahādatu ʾaḥadihim ʾarbaʿu shahādātin bi-llāhi ʾinnahū la-mina ṣ-ṣādiqīn^a

Translation

As for those who accuse their wives, but have no witnesses except themselves, then the testimony of one of them shall be a fourfold testimony [sworn] by Allah that he is indeed stating the truth,

7

وَالخامِسَةُ أَنَّ لَعنَتَ اللَّهِ عَلَيهِ إِن كانَ مِنَ الكاذِبينَ

Transliteration

wa-l-khāmisatu ʾanna laʿnata llāhi ʿalayhi ʾin kāna mina l-kādhibīn^a

Translation

and a fifth [oath] that Allah’s wrath shall be upon him if he were lying.

8

وَيَدرَأُ عَنهَا العَذابَ أَن تَشهَدَ أَربَعَ شَهاداتٍ بِاللَّهِ ۙ إِنَّهُ لَمِنَ الكاذِبينَ

Transliteration

wa-yadraʾu ʿanhā l-ʿadhāba ʾan tashhada ʾarbaʿa shahādātin bi-llāhi ʾinnahū la-mina l-kādhibīn^a

Translation

The punishment shall be averted from her by her testifying with four oaths [sworn] by Allah that he is indeed lying,

9

وَالخامِسَةَ أَنَّ غَضَبَ اللَّهِ عَلَيها إِن كانَ مِنَ الصّادِقينَ

Transliteration

wa-l-khāmisata ʾanna ghaḍaba llāhi ʿalayhā ʾin kāna mina ṣ-ṣādiqīn^a

Translation

and a fifth [oath] that Allah’s wrath shall be upon her if he were stating the truth.

10

وَلَولا فَضلُ اللَّهِ عَلَيكُم وَرَحمَتُهُ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَوّابٌ حَكيمٌ

Transliteration

wa-law-lā faḍlu llāhi ʿalaykum wa-raḥmatuhū wa-ʾanna llāha tawwābun ḥakīm^un

Translation

Were it not for Allah’s grace and His mercy upon you, and that Allah is all-clement, all-wise… .¹

• Ellipsis. For the omitted part of the sentence see verses

&

• below.

11

إِنَّ الَّذينَ جاءوا بِالإِفكِ عُصبَةٌ مِنكُم ۚ لا تَحسَبوهُ شَرًّا لَكُم ۖ بَل هُوَ خَيرٌ لَكُم ۚ لِكُلِّ امرِئٍ مِنهُم مَا اكتَسَبَ مِنَ الإِثمِ ۚ وَالَّذي تَوَلّىٰ كِبرَهُ مِنهُم لَهُ عَذابٌ عَظيمٌ

Transliteration

ʾinna lladhīna jāʾū bi-l-ʾifki ʿuṣbatun minkum lā taḥsabūhu sharran lakum bal huwa khayrun lakum li-kulli mriʾin minhum mā ktasaba mina l-ʾithmi wa-lladhī tawallā kibrahū minhum lahū ʿadhābun ʿaẓīm^un

Translation

Indeed those who initiated the calumny are a band from among yourselves. Do not suppose it is bad for you. Rather it is for your good. Each man among them bears [the onus for] his share in the sin, and as for him who assumed its major burden from among them there is a great punishment for him.

12

لَولا إِذ سَمِعتُموهُ ظَنَّ المُؤمِنونَ وَالمُؤمِناتُ بِأَنفُسِهِم خَيرًا وَقالوا هٰذا إِفكٌ مُبينٌ

Transliteration

law-lā ʾidh samiʿtumūhu ẓanna l-muʾminūna wa-l-muʾminātu bi-ʾanfusihim khayran wa-qālū hādhā ʾifkun mubīn^un

Translation

When you [first] heard about it, why did not the faithful, men and women, think well of their folks, and say, ‘This is an obvious calumny’?

13

لَولا جاءوا عَلَيهِ بِأَربَعَةِ شُهَداءَ ۚ فَإِذ لَم يَأتوا بِالشُّهَداءِ فَأُولٰئِكَ عِندَ اللَّهِ هُمُ الكاذِبونَ

Transliteration

law-lā jāʾū ʿalayhi bi-ʾarbaʿati shuhadāʾa fa-ʾidh lam yaʾtū bi-sh-shuhadāʾi fa-ʾulāʾika ʿinda llāhi humu l-kādhibūn^a

Translation

Why did they¹ not bring four witnesses to it? So when they could not bring the witnesses, they are liars in Allah’s sight.

• That is, those who had spread the slander accusing the Prophet’s wife and one of the Companions.

14

وَلَولا فَضلُ اللَّهِ عَلَيكُم وَرَحمَتُهُ فِي الدُّنيا وَالآخِرَةِ لَمَسَّكُم في ما أَفَضتُم فيهِ عَذابٌ عَظيمٌ

Transliteration

wa-law-lā faḍlu llāhi ʿalaykum wa-raḥmatuhū fī d-dunyā wa-l-ʾākhirati la-massakum fī mā ʾafaḍtum fīhi ʿadhābun ʿaẓīm^un

Translation

Were it not for Allah’s grace and His mercy upon you in this world and the Hereafter, there would have befallen you a great punishment for what you ventured into,

15

إِذ تَلَقَّونَهُ بِأَلسِنَتِكُم وَتَقولونَ بِأَفواهِكُم ما لَيسَ لَكُم بِهِ عِلمٌ وَتَحسَبونَهُ هَيِّنًا وَهُوَ عِندَ اللَّهِ عَظيمٌ

Transliteration

ʾidh talaqqawnahū bi-ʾalsinatikum wa-taqūlūna bi-ʾafwāhikum mā laysa lakum bihī ʿilmun wa-taḥsabūnahū hayyinan wa-huwa ʿinda llāhi ʿaẓīm^un

Translation

when you were receiving it on your tongues, and were mouthing something of which you had no knowledge, supposing it to be a light matter, while it was a grave [matter] with Allah.

16

وَلَولا إِذ سَمِعتُموهُ قُلتُم ما يَكونُ لَنا أَن نَتَكَلَّمَ بِهٰذا سُبحانَكَ هٰذا بُهتانٌ عَظيمٌ

Transliteration

wa-law-lā ʾidh samiʿtumūhu qultum mā yakūnu lanā ʾan natakallama bi-hādhā subḥānaka hādhā buhtānun ʿaẓīm^un

Translation

And why did you not, when you heard it, say, ‘It is not for us to say such a thing. [O Allah!] You are immaculate! This is a monstrous calumny!’

17

يَعِظُكُمُ اللَّهُ أَن تَعودوا لِمِثلِهِ أَبَدًا إِن كُنتُم مُؤمِنينَ

Transliteration

yaʿiẓukumu llāhu ʾan taʿūdū li-mithlihī ʾabadan ʾin kuntum muʾminīn^a

Translation

Allah advises you lest you should ever repeat the like of it, should you be faithful.

18

وَيُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ لَكُمُ الآياتِ ۚ وَاللَّهُ عَليمٌ حَكيمٌ

Transliteration

wa-yubayyinu llāhu lakumu l-ʾāyāti wa-llāhu ʿalīmun ḥakīm^un

Translation

Allah clarifies the signs for you, and Allah is all-knowing, all-wise.

19

إِنَّ الَّذينَ يُحِبّونَ أَن تَشيعَ الفاحِشَةُ فِي الَّذينَ آمَنوا لَهُم عَذابٌ أَليمٌ فِي الدُّنيا وَالآخِرَةِ ۚ وَاللَّهُ يَعلَمُ وَأَنتُم لا تَعلَمونَ

Transliteration

ʾinna lladhīna yuḥibbūna ʾan tashīʿa l-fāḥishatu fī lladhīna ʾāmanū lahum ʿadhābun ʾalīmun fī d-dunyā wa-l-ʾākhirati wa-llāhu yaʿlamu wa-ʾantum lā taʿlamūn^a

Translation

Indeed those who want indecency to spread among the faithful —there is a painful punishment for them in the world and the Hereafter, and Allah knows and you do not know.

20

وَلَولا فَضلُ اللَّهِ عَلَيكُم وَرَحمَتُهُ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ رَءوفٌ رَحيمٌ

Transliteration

wa-law-lā faḍlu llāhi ʿalaykum wa-raḥmatuhū wa-ʾanna llāha raʾūfun raḥīm^un

Translation

Were it not for Allah’s grace and His mercy upon you, and that Allah is all-kind, all-merciful.

21

۞ يا أَيُّهَا الَّذينَ آمَنوا لا تَتَّبِعوا خُطُواتِ الشَّيطانِ ۚ وَمَن يَتَّبِع خُطُواتِ الشَّيطانِ فَإِنَّهُ يَأمُرُ بِالفَحشاءِ وَالمُنكَرِ ۚ وَلَولا فَضلُ اللَّهِ عَلَيكُم وَرَحمَتُهُ ما زَكىٰ مِنكُم مِن أَحَدٍ أَبَدًا وَلٰكِنَّ اللَّهَ يُزَكّي مَن يَشاءُ ۗ وَاللَّهُ سَميعٌ عَليمٌ

Transliteration

yā-ʾayyuhā lladhīna ʾāmanū lā tattabiʿū khuṭuwāti sh-shayṭāni wa-man yattabiʿ khuṭuwāti sh-shayṭāni fa-ʾinnahū yaʾmuru bi-l-faḥshāʾi wa-l-munkari wa-law-lā faḍlu llāhi ʿalaykum wa-raḥmatuhū mā zakā minkum min ʾaḥadin ʾabadan wa-lākinna llāha yuzakkī man yashāʾu wa-llāhu samīʿun ʿalīm^un

Translation

O you who have faith! Do not follow in Satan’s steps. Whoever follows in Satan’s steps [should know that] he indeed prompts [you to commit] indecent acts and wrong. Were it not for Allah’s grace and His mercy upon you, not one of you would ever be pure. But Allah purifies whomever He wishes, and Allah is all-hearing, all-knowing.

22

وَلا يَأتَلِ أُولُو الفَضلِ مِنكُم وَالسَّعَةِ أَن يُؤتوا أُولِي القُربىٰ وَالمَساكينَ وَالمُهاجِرينَ في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ ۖ وَليَعفوا وَليَصفَحوا ۗ أَلا تُحِبّونَ أَن يَغفِرَ اللَّهُ لَكُم ۗ وَاللَّهُ غَفورٌ رَحيمٌ

Transliteration

wa-lā yaʾtali ʾulū l-faḍli minkum wa-s-saʿati ʾan yuʾtū ʾulī l-qurbā wa-l-masākīna wa-l-muhājirīna fī sabīli llāhi wa-l-yaʿfū wa-l-yaṣfaḥū ʾa-lā tuḥibbūna ʾan yaghfira llāhu lakum wa-llāhu ghafūrun raḥīm^un

Translation

Let the well-off and the opulent among you not vow¹ not to give to the relatives and the needy, and to those who have migrated in the way of Allah, and let them excuse and forbear. Do you not love that Allah should forgive you? And Allah is all-forgiving, all-merciful.

• Or ‘Let the well-to-do and the opulent among you not fail to give … .’

23

إِنَّ الَّذينَ يَرمونَ المُحصَناتِ الغافِلاتِ المُؤمِناتِ لُعِنوا فِي الدُّنيا وَالآخِرَةِ وَلَهُم عَذابٌ عَظيمٌ

Transliteration

ʾinna lladhīna yarmūna l-muḥṣanāti l-ghāfilāti l-muʾmināti luʿinū fī d-dunyā wa-l-ʾākhirati wa-lahum ʿadhābun ʿaẓīm^un

Translation

Indeed those who accuse honourable and unwary faithful women shall be cursed in this world and the Hereafter, and there shall be a great punishment for them

24

يَومَ تَشهَدُ عَلَيهِم أَلسِنَتُهُم وَأَيديهِم وَأَرجُلُهُم بِما كانوا يَعمَلونَ

Transliteration

yawma tashhadū ʿalayhim ʾalsinatuhum wa-ʾaydīhim wa-ʾarjuluhum bi-mā kānū yaʿmalūn^a

Translation

on the day when witness shall be given against them by their tongues, their hands, and their feet concerning what they used to do.

25

يَومَئِذٍ يُوَفّيهِمُ اللَّهُ دينَهُمُ الحَقَّ وَيَعلَمونَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الحَقُّ المُبينُ

Transliteration

yawmaʾidhin yuwaffīhimu llāhu dīnahumu l-ḥaqqa wa-yaʿlamūna ʾanna llāha huwa l-ḥaqqu l-mubīn^u

Translation

On that day Allah will pay them in full their due recompense, and they shall know that Allah is the Manifest Reality.

26

الخَبيثاتُ لِلخَبيثينَ وَالخَبيثونَ لِلخَبيثاتِ ۖ وَالطَّيِّباتُ لِلطَّيِّبينَ وَالطَّيِّبونَ لِلطَّيِّباتِ ۚ أُولٰئِكَ مُبَرَّءونَ مِمّا يَقولونَ ۖ لَهُم مَغفِرَةٌ وَرِزقٌ كَريمٌ

Transliteration

^al-khabīthātu li-l-khabīthīna wa-l-khabīthūna li-l-khabīthāti wa-ṭ-ṭayyibātu li-ṭ-ṭayyibīna wa-ṭ-ṭayyibūna li-ṭ-ṭayyibāti ʾulāʾika mubarraʾūna mimmā yaqūlūna lahum maghfiratun wa-rizqun karīm^un

Translation

Vicious women are for vicious men, and vicious men for vicious women. Good women are for good men, and good men for good women.¹ These are absolved of what they say [about them].² For them is forgiveness and a noble provision.

• Or, ‘Vicious words (or deeds) come from vicious persons, and vicious persons are worthy of vicious words (or deeds). Good words (or deeds) come from good people, and good people are worthy of good words (or deeds).’ According to this interpretation, this verse is similar in meaning to

. This interpretation is also supported by the last part of the verse: ‘They are absolved of what they say [about them].’ However in accordance with the translation given above, the meaning of the verse will be similar to verse

• , at the beginning of this sūrah.
• That is, persons of good repute among the faithful stand legally absolved of any kind of allegations against them unless there is valid evidence to the contrary.

27

يا أَيُّهَا الَّذينَ آمَنوا لا تَدخُلوا بُيوتًا غَيرَ بُيوتِكُم حَتّىٰ تَستَأنِسوا وَتُسَلِّموا عَلىٰ أَهلِها ۚ ذٰلِكُم خَيرٌ لَكُم لَعَلَّكُم تَذَكَّرونَ

Transliteration

yā-ʾayyuhā lladhīna ʾāmanū lā tadkhulū buyūtan ghayra buyūtikum ḥattā tastaʾnisū wa-tusallimū ʿalā ʾahlihā dhālikum khayrun lakum laʿallakum tadhakkarūn^a

Translation

O you who have faith! Do not enter houses other than your own until you have announced [your arrival] and greeted their occupants. That is better for you. Maybe you will take admonition.

28

فَإِن لَم تَجِدوا فيها أَحَدًا فَلا تَدخُلوها حَتّىٰ يُؤذَنَ لَكُم ۖ وَإِن قيلَ لَكُمُ ارجِعوا فَارجِعوا ۖ هُوَ أَزكىٰ لَكُم ۚ وَاللَّهُ بِما تَعمَلونَ عَليمٌ

Transliteration

fa-ʾin lam tajidū fīhā ʾaḥadan fa-lā tadkhulūhā ḥattā yuʾdhana lakum wa-ʾin qīla lakumu rjiʿū fa-rjiʿū huwa ʾazkā lakum wa-llāhu bi-mā taʿmalūna ʿalīm^un

Translation

But if you do not find anyone in them, do not enter them until you are given permission, and if you are told: ‘Turn back,’ then do turn back. That is more decent for you. And Allah knows best what you do.

29

لَيسَ عَلَيكُم جُناحٌ أَن تَدخُلوا بُيوتًا غَيرَ مَسكونَةٍ فيها مَتاعٌ لَكُم ۚ وَاللَّهُ يَعلَمُ ما تُبدونَ وَما تَكتُمونَ

Transliteration

laysa ʿalaykum junāḥun ʾan tadkhulū buyūtan ghayra maskūnatin fīhā matāʿun lakum wa-llāhu yaʿlamu mā tubdūna wa-mā taktumūn^a

Translation

There will be no sin upon you in entering [without announcing] uninhabited houses wherein you have goods belonging to you. And Allah knows whatever you disclose and whatever you conceal.

30

قُل لِلمُؤمِنينَ يَغُضّوا مِن أَبصارِهِم وَيَحفَظوا فُروجَهُم ۚ ذٰلِكَ أَزكىٰ لَهُم ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ خَبيرٌ بِما يَصنَعونَ

Transliteration

qul li-l-muʾminīna yaghuḍḍū min ʾabṣārihim wa-yaḥfaẓū furūjahum dhālika ʾazkā lahum ʾinna llāha khabīrun bi-mā yaṣnaʿūn^a

Translation

Tell the faithful men to cast down their looks and to guard their private parts. That is more decent for them. Allah is indeed well aware of what they do.

31

وَقُل لِلمُؤمِناتِ يَغضُضنَ مِن أَبصارِهِنَّ وَيَحفَظنَ فُروجَهُنَّ وَلا يُبدينَ زينَتَهُنَّ إِلّا ما ظَهَرَ مِنها ۖ وَليَضرِبنَ بِخُمُرِهِنَّ عَلىٰ جُيوبِهِنَّ ۖ وَلا يُبدينَ زينَتَهُنَّ إِلّا لِبُعولَتِهِنَّ أَو آبائِهِنَّ أَو آباءِ بُعولَتِهِنَّ أَو أَبنائِهِنَّ أَو أَبناءِ بُعولَتِهِنَّ أَو إِخوانِهِنَّ أَو بَني إِخوانِهِنَّ أَو بَني أَخَواتِهِنَّ أَو نِسائِهِنَّ أَو ما مَلَكَت أَيمانُهُنَّ أَوِ التّابِعينَ غَيرِ أُولِي الإِربَةِ مِنَ الرِّجالِ أَوِ الطِّفلِ الَّذينَ لَم يَظهَروا عَلىٰ عَوراتِ النِّساءِ ۖ وَلا يَضرِبنَ بِأَرجُلِهِنَّ لِيُعلَمَ ما يُخفينَ مِن زينَتِهِنَّ ۚ وَتوبوا إِلَى اللَّهِ جَميعًا أَيُّهَ المُؤمِنونَ لَعَلَّكُم تُفلِحونَ

Transliteration

wa-qul li-l-muʾmināti yaghḍuḍna min ʾabṣārihinna wa-yaḥfaẓna furūjahunna wa-lā yubdīna zīnatahunna ʾillā mā ẓahara minhā wa-l-yaḍribna bi-khumurihinna ʿalā juyūbihinna wa-lā yubdīna zīnatahunna ʾillā li-buʿūlatihinna ʾaw ʾābāʾihinna ʾaw ʾābāʾi buʿūlatihinna ʾaw ʾabnāʾihinna ʾaw ʾabnāʾi buʿūlatihinna ʾaw ʾikhwānihinna ʾaw banī ʾikhwānihinna ʾaw banī ʾakhawātihinna ʾaw nisāʾihinna ʾaw mā malakat ʾaymānuhunna ʾawi t-tābiʿīna ghayri ʾulī l-ʾirbati mina r-rijāli ʾawi ṭ-ṭifli lladhīna lam yaẓharū ʿalā ʿawrāti n-nisāʾi wa-lā yaḍribna bi-ʾarjulihinna li-yuʿlama mā yukhfīna min zīnatihinna wa-tūbū ʾilā llāhi jamīʿan ʾayyuha l-muʾminūna laʿallakum tufliḥūn^a

Translation

And tell the faithful women to cast down their looks and to guard their private parts, and not to display their charms, except for what is outward, and let them draw their scarfs over their bosoms, and not display their charms except to their husbands, or their fathers, or their husband’s fathers, or their sons, or their husband’s sons, or their brothers, or their brothers’ sons, or their sisters’ sons, or their women,¹ or their slave girls, or male dependants lacking [sexual] desire, or children uninitiated to women’s parts.² And let them not thump their feet to make known their hidden ornaments. Rally to Allah in repentance, O faithful, so that you may be felicitous.

• That is, Muslim women. Hence it is not lawful for Muslim women to expose their charms before non-Muslim women, who may possibly describe what they see to their men.
• That is, boys who have not reached the age of virility.

32

وَأَنكِحُوا الأَيامىٰ مِنكُم وَالصّالِحينَ مِن عِبادِكُم وَإِمائِكُم ۚ إِن يَكونوا فُقَراءَ يُغنِهِمُ اللَّهُ مِن فَضلِهِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ واسِعٌ عَليمٌ

Transliteration

wa-ʾankiḥū l-ʾayāmā minkum wa-ṣ-ṣāliḥīna min ʿibādikum wa-ʾimāʾikum ʾin yakūnū fuqarāʾa yughnihimu llāhu min faḍlihī wa-llāhu wāsiʿun ʿalīm^un

Translation

Marry off those who are single among you and the upright¹ among your male slaves and your female slaves. If they are poor, Allah will enrich them out of His grace, and Allah is all-bounteous, all-knowing.

• That is, those who are faithful, or honest and chaste.

33

وَليَستَعفِفِ الَّذينَ لا يَجِدونَ نِكاحًا حَتّىٰ يُغنِيَهُمُ اللَّهُ مِن فَضلِهِ ۗ وَالَّذينَ يَبتَغونَ الكِتابَ مِمّا مَلَكَت أَيمانُكُم فَكاتِبوهُم إِن عَلِمتُم فيهِم خَيرًا ۖ وَآتوهُم مِن مالِ اللَّهِ الَّذي آتاكُم ۚ وَلا تُكرِهوا فَتَياتِكُم عَلَى البِغاءِ إِن أَرَدنَ تَحَصُّنًا لِتَبتَغوا عَرَضَ الحَياةِ الدُّنيا ۚ وَمَن يُكرِههُنَّ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ مِن بَعدِ إِكراهِهِنَّ غَفورٌ رَحيمٌ

Transliteration

wa-l-yastaʿfifi lladhīna lā yajidūna nikāḥan ḥattā yughniyahumu llāhu min faḍlihī wa-lladhīna yabtaghūna l-kitāba mimmā malakat ʾaymānukum fa-kātibūhum ʾin ʿalimtum fīhim khayran wa-ʾātūhum min māli llāhi lladhī ʾātākum wa-lā tukrihū fatayātikum ʿalā l-bighāʾi ʾin ʾaradna taḥaṣṣunan li-tabtaghū ʿaraḍa l-ḥayāti d-dunyā wa-man yukrihhunna fa-ʾinna llāha min baʿdi ʾikrāhihinna ghafūrun raḥīm^un

Translation

Those who cannot afford marriage should be continent until Allah enriches them out of His grace. As for those who seek an emancipation deal from among your slaves, make such a deal with them if you know any good in them, and give them out of the wealth of Allah which He has given you. Do not compel your female slaves to prostitution when they desire to be chaste, seeking the transitory wares of the life of this world. Should anyone compel them, then after their compulsion Allah is indeed all-forgiving, all-merciful.

34

وَلَقَد أَنزَلنا إِلَيكُم آياتٍ مُبَيِّناتٍ وَمَثَلًا مِنَ الَّذينَ خَلَوا مِن قَبلِكُم وَمَوعِظَةً لِلمُتَّقينَ

Transliteration

wa-la-qad ʾanzalnā ʾilaykum ʾāyātin mubayyinātin wa-mathalan mina lladhīna khalaw min qablikum wa-mawʿiẓatan li-l-muttaqīn^a

Translation

Certainly We have sent down to you manifest signs and a description of those who passed before you, and an advice for the Godwary.

35

۞ اللَّهُ نورُ السَّماواتِ وَالأَرضِ ۚ مَثَلُ نورِهِ كَمِشكاةٍ فيها مِصباحٌ ۖ المِصباحُ في زُجاجَةٍ ۖ الزُّجاجَةُ كَأَنَّها كَوكَبٌ دُرِّيٌّ يوقَدُ مِن شَجَرَةٍ مُبارَكَةٍ زَيتونَةٍ لا شَرقِيَّةٍ وَلا غَربِيَّةٍ يَكادُ زَيتُها يُضيءُ وَلَو لَم تَمسَسهُ نارٌ ۚ نورٌ عَلىٰ نورٍ ۗ يَهدِي اللَّهُ لِنورِهِ مَن يَشاءُ ۚ وَيَضرِبُ اللَّهُ الأَمثالَ لِلنّاسِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيءٍ عَليمٌ

Transliteration

^allāhu nūru s-samāwāti wa-l-ʾarḍi mathalu nūrihī ka-mishkātin fīhā miṣbāḥun-i l-miṣbāḥu fī zujājatin-i z-zujājatu ka-ʾannahā kawkabun durriyyun yūqadu min shajaratin mubārakatin zaytūnatin lā sharqiyyatin wa-lā gharbiyyatin yakādu zaytuhā yuḍīʾu wa-law-lam tamsashu nārun nūrun ʿalā nūrin yahdī llāhu li-nūrihī man yashāʾu wa-yaḍribu llāhu l-ʾamthāla li-n-nāsi wa-llāhu bi-kulli shayʾin ʿalīm^un

Translation

Allah is the Light of the heavens and the earth. The parable of His Light is a niche wherein is a lamp —the lamp is in a glass, the glass as it were a glittering star— lit from a blessed olive tree, neither eastern nor western, whose oil almost lights up, though fire should not touch it. Light upon light. Allah guides to His Light whomever He wishes. Allah draws parables for mankind, and Allah has knowledge of all things.

36

في بُيوتٍ أَذِنَ اللَّهُ أَن تُرفَعَ وَيُذكَرَ فيهَا اسمُهُ يُسَبِّحُ لَهُ فيها بِالغُدُوِّ وَالآصالِ

Transliteration

fī buyūtin ʾadhina llāhu ʾan turfaʿa wa-yudhkara fīhā smuhū yusabbiḥu lahū fīhā bi-l-ghuduwwi wa-l-ʾāṣālⁱ

Translation

In houses Allah has allowed to be raised and wherein His Name is celebrated, He is glorified therein, morning and evening,

37

رِجالٌ لا تُلهيهِم تِجارَةٌ وَلا بَيعٌ عَن ذِكرِ اللَّهِ وَإِقامِ الصَّلاةِ وَإيتاءِ الزَّكاةِ ۙ يَخافونَ يَومًا تَتَقَلَّبُ فيهِ القُلوبُ وَالأَبصارُ

Transliteration

rijālun lā tulhīhim tijāratun wa-lā bayʿun ʿan dhikri llāhi wa-ʾiqāmi ṣ-ṣalāti wa-ʾītāʾi z-zakāti yakhāfūna yawman tataqallabu fīhi l-qulūbu wa-l-ʾabṣār^u

Translation

by men whom neither trading nor bargaining distracts from the remembrance of Allah, and the maintenance of prayer and the giving of zakāt. They are fearful of a day wherein the heart and the sight will be transformed,

38

لِيَجزِيَهُمُ اللَّهُ أَحسَنَ ما عَمِلوا وَيَزيدَهُم مِن فَضلِهِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ يَرزُقُ مَن يَشاءُ بِغَيرِ حِسابٍ

Transliteration

li-yajziyahumu llāhu ʾaḥsana mā ʿamilū wa-yazīdahum min faḍlihī wa-llāhu yarzuqu man yashāʾu bi-ghayri ḥisābⁱⁿ

Translation

so that Allah may reward them by the best of what they have done, and enhance them out of His grace, and Allah provides for whomever He wishes without any reckoning.

39

وَالَّذينَ كَفَروا أَعمالُهُم كَسَرابٍ بِقيعَةٍ يَحسَبُهُ الظَّمآنُ ماءً حَتّىٰ إِذا جاءَهُ لَم يَجِدهُ شَيئًا وَوَجَدَ اللَّهَ عِندَهُ فَوَفّاهُ حِسابَهُ ۗ وَاللَّهُ سَريعُ الحِسابِ

Transliteration

wa-lladhīna kafarū ʾaʿmāluhum ka-sarābin bi-qīʿatin yaḥsabuhu ẓ-ẓamʾānu māʾan ḥattā ʾidhā jāʾahū lam yajidhu shayʾan wa-wajada llāha ʿindahū fa-waffāhu ḥisābahū wa-llāhu sarīʿu l-ḥisābⁱ

Translation

As for the faithless, their works are like a mirage in a plain, which the thirsty man supposes to be water. When he comes to it, he finds it to be nothing; but there he finds Allah, who will pay him his full account, and Allah is swift at reckoning.

40

أَو كَظُلُماتٍ في بَحرٍ لُجِّيٍّ يَغشاهُ مَوجٌ مِن فَوقِهِ مَوجٌ مِن فَوقِهِ سَحابٌ ۚ ظُلُماتٌ بَعضُها فَوقَ بَعضٍ إِذا أَخرَجَ يَدَهُ لَم يَكَد يَراها ۗ وَمَن لَم يَجعَلِ اللَّهُ لَهُ نورًا فَما لَهُ مِن نورٍ

Transliteration

ʾaw ka-ẓulumātin fī baḥrin lujjiyyin yaghshāhu mawjun min fawqihī mawjun min fawqihī saḥābun ẓulumātun baʿḍuhā fawqa baʿḍin ʾidhā ʾakhraja yadahū lam yakad yarāhā wa-man lam yajʿali llāhu lahū nūran fa-mā lahū min nūrⁱⁿ

Translation

Or like the manifold darkness in a deep sea, covered by billow upon billow, overcast by clouds, manifold [layers of] darkness, one on top of another: when he brings out his hand, he can hardly see it, and one whom Allah has not granted any light has no light.

41

أَلَم تَرَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يُسَبِّحُ لَهُ مَن فِي السَّماواتِ وَالأَرضِ وَالطَّيرُ صافّاتٍ ۖ كُلٌّ قَد عَلِمَ صَلاتَهُ وَتَسبيحَهُ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَليمٌ بِما يَفعَلونَ

Transliteration

ʾa-lam tara ʾanna llāha yusabbiḥu lahū man fī s-samāwāti wa-l-ʾarḍi wa-ṭ-ṭayru ṣāffātin kullun qad ʿalima ṣalātahū wa-tasbīḥahū wa-llāhu ʿalīmun bi-mā yafʿalūn^a

Translation

Have you not regarded that Allah is glorified by everyone in the heavens and the earth, and the birds spreading their wings. Each knows his prayer and glorification, and Allah knows best what they do.

42

وَلِلَّهِ مُلكُ السَّماواتِ وَالأَرضِ ۖ وَإِلَى اللَّهِ المَصيرُ

Transliteration

wa-li-llāhi mulku s-samāwāti wa-l-ʾarḍi wa-ʾilā llāhi l-maṣīr^u

Translation

To Allah belongs the kingdom of the heavens and the earth, and toward Allah is the destination.

43

أَلَم تَرَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يُزجي سَحابًا ثُمَّ يُؤَلِّفُ بَينَهُ ثُمَّ يَجعَلُهُ رُكامًا فَتَرَى الوَدقَ يَخرُجُ مِن خِلالِهِ وَيُنَزِّلُ مِنَ السَّماءِ مِن جِبالٍ فيها مِن بَرَدٍ فَيُصيبُ بِهِ مَن يَشاءُ وَيَصرِفُهُ عَن مَن يَشاءُ ۖ يَكادُ سَنا بَرقِهِ يَذهَبُ بِالأَبصارِ

Transliteration

ʾa-lam tara ʾanna llāha yuzjī saḥāban thumma yuʾallifu baynahū thumma yajʿaluhū rukāman fa-tarā l-wadqa yakhruju min khilālihī wa-yunazzilu mina s-samāʾi min jibālin fīhā min baradin fa-yuṣību bihī man yashāʾu wa-yaṣrifuhū ʿan man yashāʾu yakādu sanā barqihī yadhhabu bi-l-ʾabṣārⁱ

Translation

Have you not regarded that Allah drives the clouds, then He composes them, then He piles them up, whereat you see the rain issuing from its midst? And He sends down from the sky hail, out of the mountains¹ that are in it, and He strikes with it whomever He wishes, and turns it away from whomever He wishes. The brilliance of its lightening almost takes away the sight.

• A metaphorical reference to the clouds.

44

يُقَلِّبُ اللَّهُ اللَّيلَ وَالنَّهارَ ۚ إِنَّ في ذٰلِكَ لَعِبرَةً لِأُولِي الأَبصارِ

Transliteration

yuqallibu llāhu l-layla wa-n-nahāra ʾinna fī dhālika la-ʿibratan li-ʾulī l-ʾabṣārⁱ

Translation

Allah alternates the night and the day. There is indeed a moral in that for those who have insight.

45

وَاللَّهُ خَلَقَ كُلَّ دابَّةٍ مِن ماءٍ ۖ فَمِنهُم مَن يَمشي عَلىٰ بَطنِهِ وَمِنهُم مَن يَمشي عَلىٰ رِجلَينِ وَمِنهُم مَن يَمشي عَلىٰ أَربَعٍ ۚ يَخلُقُ اللَّهُ ما يَشاءُ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلىٰ كُلِّ شَيءٍ قَديرٌ

Transliteration

wa-llāhu khalaqa kulla dābbatin min māʾin fa-minhum man yamshī ʿalā baṭnihī wa-minhum man yamshī ʿalā rijlayni wa-minhum man yamshī ʿalā ʾarbaʿin yakhluqu llāhu mā yashāʾu ʾinna llāha ʿalā kulli shayʾin qadīr^un

Translation

Allah created every animal from water. Among them are some that creep upon their bellies, and among them are some that walk on two feet, and among them are some that walk on four. Allah creates whatever He wishes. Indeed Allah has power over all things.

46

لَقَد أَنزَلنا آياتٍ مُبَيِّناتٍ ۚ وَاللَّهُ يَهدي مَن يَشاءُ إِلىٰ صِراطٍ مُستَقيمٍ

Transliteration

la-qad ʾanzalnā ʾāyātin mubayyinātin wa-llāhu yahdī man yashāʾu ʾilā ṣirāṭin mustaqīmⁱⁿ

Translation

Certainly We have sent down manifest signs, and Allah guides whomever He wishes to a straight path.

47

وَيَقولونَ آمَنّا بِاللَّهِ وَبِالرَّسولِ وَأَطَعنا ثُمَّ يَتَوَلّىٰ فَريقٌ مِنهُم مِن بَعدِ ذٰلِكَ ۚ وَما أُولٰئِكَ بِالمُؤمِنينَ

Transliteration

wa-yaqūlūna ʾāmannā bi-llāhi wa-bi-r-rasūli wa-ʾaṭaʿnā thumma yatawallā farīqun minhum min baʿdi dhālika wa-mā ʾulāʾika bi-l-muʾminīn^a

Translation

They say, ‘We have faith in Allah and His Apostle, and we obey.’ Then after that a part of them refuse to comply, and they do not have faith.

48

وَإِذا دُعوا إِلَى اللَّهِ وَرَسولِهِ لِيَحكُمَ بَينَهُم إِذا فَريقٌ مِنهُم مُعرِضونَ

Transliteration

wa-ʾidhā duʿū ʾilā llāhi wa-rasūlihī li-yaḥkuma baynahum ʾidhā farīqun minhum muʿriḍūn^a

Translation

When they are summoned to Allah and His Apostle that He may judge between them, behold, a part of them turn aside.

49

وَإِن يَكُن لَهُمُ الحَقُّ يَأتوا إِلَيهِ مُذعِنينَ

Transliteration

wa-ʾin yakun lahumu l-ḥaqqu yaʾtū ʾilayhi mudhʿinīn^a

Translation

But if justice be on their side, they come compliantly to him.

50

أَفي قُلوبِهِم مَرَضٌ أَمِ ارتابوا أَم يَخافونَ أَن يَحيفَ اللَّهُ عَلَيهِم وَرَسولُهُ ۚ بَل أُولٰئِكَ هُمُ الظّالِمونَ

Transliteration

ʾa-fī qulūbihim maraḍun ʾami rtābū ʾam yakhāfūna ʾan yaḥīfa llāhu ʿalayhim wa-rasūluhū bal ʾulāʾika humu ẓ-ẓālimūn^a

Translation

Is there a sickness in their hearts? Or do they have doubts or fear that Allah and His Apostle will be unjust to them? Rather it is they who are the wrongdoers.

51

إِنَّما كانَ قَولَ المُؤمِنينَ إِذا دُعوا إِلَى اللَّهِ وَرَسولِهِ لِيَحكُمَ بَينَهُم أَن يَقولوا سَمِعنا وَأَطَعنا ۚ وَأُولٰئِكَ هُمُ المُفلِحونَ

Transliteration

ʾinnamā kāna qawla l-muʾminīna ʾidhā duʿū ʾilā llāhi wa-rasūlihī li-yaḥkuma baynahum ʾan yaqūlū samiʿnā wa-ʾaṭaʿnā wa-ʾulāʾika humu l-mufliḥūn^a

Translation

All the response of the faithful, when they are summoned to Allah and His Apostle that He may judge between them, is to say, ‘We hear and obey.’ It is they who are the felicitous.

52

وَمَن يُطِعِ اللَّهَ وَرَسولَهُ وَيَخشَ اللَّهَ وَيَتَّقهِ فَأُولٰئِكَ هُمُ الفائِزونَ

Transliteration

wa-man yuṭiʿi llāha wa-rasūlahū wa-yakhsha llāha wa-yattaqhi fa-ʾulāʾika humu l-fāʾizūn^a

Translation

Whoever obeys Allah and His Apostle, and fears Allah and is wary of Him —it is they who will be the triumphant.

53

۞ وَأَقسَموا بِاللَّهِ جَهدَ أَيمانِهِم لَئِن أَمَرتَهُم لَيَخرُجُنَّ ۖ قُل لا تُقسِموا ۖ طاعَةٌ مَعروفَةٌ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ خَبيرٌ بِما تَعمَلونَ

Transliteration

wa-ʾaqsamū bi-llāhi jahda ʾaymānihim la-ʾin ʾamartahum la-yakhrujunna qul lā tuqsimū ṭāʿatun maʿrūfatun ʾinna llāha khabīrun bi-mā taʿmalūn^a

Translation

They swear by Allah with solemn oaths that if you order them they will surely go forth. Say, ‘Do not swear! Honourable obedience [is all that is expected of you]. Allah is indeed well aware of what you do.’

54

قُل أَطيعُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطيعُوا الرَّسولَ ۖ فَإِن تَوَلَّوا فَإِنَّما عَلَيهِ ما حُمِّلَ وَعَلَيكُم ما حُمِّلتُم ۖ وَإِن تُطيعوهُ تَهتَدوا ۚ وَما عَلَى الرَّسولِ إِلَّا البَلاغُ المُبينُ

Transliteration

qul ʾaṭīʿū llāha wa-ʾaṭīʿū r-rasūla fa-ʾin tawallaw fa-ʾinnamā ʿalayhi mā ḥummila wa-ʿalaykum mā ḥummiltum wa-ʾin tuṭīʿūhu tahtadū wa-mā ʿalā r-rasūli ʾillā l-balāghu l-mubīn^u

Translation

Say, ‘Obey Allah, and obey the Apostle.’ But if you turn your backs, [you should know that] he is only responsible for his burden and you are responsible for your burden, and if you obey him, you shall be guided, and the Apostle’s duty is only to communicate in clear terms.

55

وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الَّذينَ آمَنوا مِنكُم وَعَمِلُوا الصّالِحاتِ لَيَستَخلِفَنَّهُم فِي الأَرضِ كَمَا استَخلَفَ الَّذينَ مِن قَبلِهِم وَلَيُمَكِّنَنَّ لَهُم دينَهُمُ الَّذِي ارتَضىٰ لَهُم وَلَيُبَدِّلَنَّهُم مِن بَعدِ خَوفِهِم أَمنًا ۚ يَعبُدونَني لا يُشرِكونَ بي شَيئًا ۚ وَمَن كَفَرَ بَعدَ ذٰلِكَ فَأُولٰئِكَ هُمُ الفاسِقونَ

Transliteration

waʿada llāhu lladhīna ʾāmanū minkum wa-ʿamilū ṣ-ṣāliḥāti la-yastakhlifannahum fī l-ʾarḍi ka-mā stakhlafa lladhīna min qablihim wa-la-yumakkinanna lahum dīnahumu lladhī rtaḍā lahum wa-la-yubaddilannahum min baʿdi khawfihim ʾamnan yaʿbudūnanī lā yushrikūna bī shayʾan wa-man kafara baʿda dhālika fa-ʾulāʾika humu l-fāsiqūn^a

Translation

Allah has promised those of you who have faith and do righteous deeds that He will surely make them successors in the earth, just as He made those who were before them successors, and He will surely establish for them their religion which He has approved for them, and that He will surely change their state to security after their fear, while they worship Me, not ascribing any partners to Me. And whoever is ungrateful after that —it is they who are the transgressors.

56

وَأَقيمُوا الصَّلاةَ وَآتُوا الزَّكاةَ وَأَطيعُوا الرَّسولَ لَعَلَّكُم تُرحَمونَ

Transliteration

wa-ʾaqīmū ṣ-ṣalāta wa-ʾātū z-zakāta wa-ʾaṭīʿū r-rasūla laʿallakum turḥamūn^a

Translation

Maintain the prayer and give the zakāt, and obey the Apostle so that you may receive [Allah’s] mercy.

57

لا تَحسَبَنَّ الَّذينَ كَفَروا مُعجِزينَ فِي الأَرضِ ۚ وَمَأواهُمُ النّارُ ۖ وَلَبِئسَ المَصيرُ

Transliteration

lā taḥsabanna lladhīna kafarū muʿjizīna fī l-ʾarḍi wa-maʾwāhumu n-nāru wa-la-biʾsa l-maṣīr^u

Translation

Do not suppose that those who are faithless can thwart [Allah] on the earth. Their refuge shall be the Fire, and it is surely an evil destination.

58

يا أَيُّهَا الَّذينَ آمَنوا لِيَستَأذِنكُمُ الَّذينَ مَلَكَت أَيمانُكُم وَالَّذينَ لَم يَبلُغُوا الحُلُمَ مِنكُم ثَلاثَ مَرّاتٍ ۚ مِن قَبلِ صَلاةِ الفَجرِ وَحينَ تَضَعونَ ثِيابَكُم مِنَ الظَّهيرَةِ وَمِن بَعدِ صَلاةِ العِشاءِ ۚ ثَلاثُ عَوراتٍ لَكُم ۚ لَيسَ عَلَيكُم وَلا عَلَيهِم جُناحٌ بَعدَهُنَّ ۚ طَوّافونَ عَلَيكُم بَعضُكُم عَلىٰ بَعضٍ ۚ كَذٰلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ لَكُمُ الآياتِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَليمٌ حَكيمٌ

Transliteration

yā-ʾayyuhā lladhīna ʾāmanū li-yastaʾdhinkumu lladhīna malakat ʾaymānukum wa-lladhīna lam yablughū l-ḥuluma minkum thalātha marrātin min qabli ṣalāti l-fajri wa-ḥīna taḍaʿūna thiyābakum mina ẓ-ẓahīrati wa-min baʿdi ṣalāti l-ʿishāʾi thalāthu ʿawrātin lakum laysa ʿalaykum wa-lā ʿalayhim junāḥun baʿdahunna ṭawwāfūna ʿalaykum baʿḍukum ʿalā baʿḍin ka-dhālika yubayyinu llāhu lakumu l-ʾāyāti wa-llāhu ʿalīmun ḥakīm^un

Translation

O you who have faith! Let your permission be sought by your slaves and those of you who have not reached puberty three times: before the dawn prayer, and when you put off your garments at noon, and after the night prayer. These are three times of privacy for you. Apart from these, it is not sinful of you or them to frequent one another [freely]. Thus does Allah clarify the signs for you, and Allah is all-knowing, all-wise.

59

وَإِذا بَلَغَ الأَطفالُ مِنكُمُ الحُلُمَ فَليَستَأذِنوا كَمَا استَأذَنَ الَّذينَ مِن قَبلِهِم ۚ كَذٰلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ لَكُم آياتِهِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَليمٌ حَكيمٌ

Transliteration

wa-ʾidhā balagha l-ʾaṭfālu minkumu l-ḥuluma fa-l-yastaʾdhinū ka-mā staʾdhana lladhīna min qablihim ka-dhālika yubayyinu llāhu lakum ʾāyātihī wa-llāhu ʿalīmun ḥakīm^un

Translation

When your children reach puberty, let them ask permission [at all times] just as those who asked permission before them. Thus does Allah clarify His signs for you, and Allah is all-knowing, all-wise.

60

وَالقَواعِدُ مِنَ النِّساءِ اللّاتي لا يَرجونَ نِكاحًا فَلَيسَ عَلَيهِنَّ جُناحٌ أَن يَضَعنَ ثِيابَهُنَّ غَيرَ مُتَبَرِّجاتٍ بِزينَةٍ ۖ وَأَن يَستَعفِفنَ خَيرٌ لَهُنَّ ۗ وَاللَّهُ سَميعٌ عَليمٌ

Transliteration

wa-l-qawāʿidu mina n-nisāʾi llātī lā yarjūna nikāḥan fa-laysa ʿalayhinna junāḥun ʾan yaḍaʿna thiyābahunna ghayra mutabarrijātin bi-zīnatin wa-ʾan yastaʿfifna khayrun lahunna wa-llāhu samīʿun ʿalīm^un

Translation

As for women advanced in years who do not expect to marry, there will be no sin upon them if they put off their cloaks, without displaying their adornment. But it is better for them to be continent, and Allah is all-hearing, all-knowing.

61

لَيسَ عَلَى الأَعمىٰ حَرَجٌ وَلا عَلَى الأَعرَجِ حَرَجٌ وَلا عَلَى المَريضِ حَرَجٌ وَلا عَلىٰ أَنفُسِكُم أَن تَأكُلوا مِن بُيوتِكُم أَو بُيوتِ آبائِكُم أَو بُيوتِ أُمَّهاتِكُم أَو بُيوتِ إِخوانِكُم أَو بُيوتِ أَخَواتِكُم أَو بُيوتِ أَعمامِكُم أَو بُيوتِ عَمّاتِكُم أَو بُيوتِ أَخوالِكُم أَو بُيوتِ خالاتِكُم أَو ما مَلَكتُم مَفاتِحَهُ أَو صَديقِكُم ۚ لَيسَ عَلَيكُم جُناحٌ أَن تَأكُلوا جَميعًا أَو أَشتاتًا ۚ فَإِذا دَخَلتُم بُيوتًا فَسَلِّموا عَلىٰ أَنفُسِكُم تَحِيَّةً مِن عِندِ اللَّهِ مُبارَكَةً طَيِّبَةً ۚ كَذٰلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ لَكُمُ الآياتِ لَعَلَّكُم تَعقِلونَ

Transliteration

laysa ʿalā l-ʾaʿmā ḥarajun wa-lā ʿalā l-ʾaʿraji ḥarajun wa-lā ʿalā l-marīḍi ḥarajun wa-lā ʿalā ʾanfusikum ʾan taʾkulū min buyūtikum ʾaw buyūti ʾābāʾikum ʾaw buyūti ʾummahātikum ʾaw buyūti ʾikhwānikum ʾaw buyūti ʾakhawātikum ʾaw buyūti ʾaʿmāmikum ʾaw buyūti ʿammātikum ʾaw buyūti ʾakhwālikum ʾaw buyūti khālātikum ʾaw mā malaktum mafātiḥahū ʾaw ṣadīqikum laysa ʿalaykum junāḥun ʾan taʾkulū jamīʿan ʾaw ʾashtātan fa-ʾidhā dakhaltum buyūtan fa-sallimū ʿalā ʾanfusikum taḥiyyatan min ʿindi llāhi mubārakatan ṭayyibatan ka-dhālika yubayyinu llāhu lakumu l-ʾāyāti laʿallakum taʿqilūn^a

Translation

There is no blame upon the blind, nor any blame upon the lame, nor any blame upon the sick, nor upon yourselves if you eat from your own houses, or your fathers’ houses, or your mothers’ houses, or your brothers’ houses, or your sisters’ houses, or the houses of your paternal uncles, or the houses of your paternal aunts, or the houses of your maternal uncles, or the houses of your maternal aunts, or those whose keys are in your possession, or those of your friends. There will be no blame on you whether you eat together or separately. So when you enter houses, greet yourselves¹ with a salutation from Allah, blessed and good. Thus does Allah clarify His signs for you so that you may apply reason.

• Or ‘greet your folks.’

62

إِنَّمَا المُؤمِنونَ الَّذينَ آمَنوا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسولِهِ وَإِذا كانوا مَعَهُ عَلىٰ أَمرٍ جامِعٍ لَم يَذهَبوا حَتّىٰ يَستَأذِنوهُ ۚ إِنَّ الَّذينَ يَستَأذِنونَكَ أُولٰئِكَ الَّذينَ يُؤمِنونَ بِاللَّهِ وَرَسولِهِ ۚ فَإِذَا استَأذَنوكَ لِبَعضِ شَأنِهِم فَأذَن لِمَن شِئتَ مِنهُم وَاستَغفِر لَهُمُ اللَّهَ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفورٌ رَحيمٌ

Transliteration

ʾinnamā l-muʾminūna lladhīna ʾāmanū bi-llāhi wa-rasūlihī wa-ʾidhā kānū maʿahū ʿalā ʾamrin jāmiʿin lam yadhhabū ḥattā yastaʾdhinūhu ʾinna lladhīna yastaʾdhinūnaka ʾulāʾika lladhīna yuʾminūna bi-llāhi wa-rasūlihī fa-ʾidhā staʾdhanūka li-baʿḍi shaʾnihim fa-ʾdhan li-man shiʾta minhum wa-staghfir lahumu llāha ʾinna llāha ghafūrun raḥīm^un

Translation

Indeed the faithful are those who have faith in Allah and His Apostle, and when they are with him in a collective affair, they do not leave until they have sought his permission. Indeed those who seek your permission —it is they who have faith in Allah and His Apostle. So when they seek your permission for some work of theirs, give permission to whomever of them you wish and plead with Allah to forgive them. Indeed Allah is all-forgiving, all-merciful.

63

لا تَجعَلوا دُعاءَ الرَّسولِ بَينَكُم كَدُعاءِ بَعضِكُم بَعضًا ۚ قَد يَعلَمُ اللَّهُ الَّذينَ يَتَسَلَّلونَ مِنكُم لِواذًا ۚ فَليَحذَرِ الَّذينَ يُخالِفونَ عَن أَمرِهِ أَن تُصيبَهُم فِتنَةٌ أَو يُصيبَهُم عَذابٌ أَليمٌ

Transliteration

lā tajʿalū duʿāʾa r-rasūli baynakum ka-duʿāʾi baʿḍikum baʿḍan qad yaʿlamu llāhu lladhīna yatasallalūna minkum liwādhan fa-l-yaḥdhari lladhīna yukhālifūna ʿan ʾamrihī ʾan tuṣībahum fitnatun ʾaw yuṣībahum ʿadhābun ʾalīm^un

Translation

Do not consider the Apostle’s summons amongst you to be like your summoning one another. Allah certainly knows those of you who slip away under cover. So let those who disobey his orders beware lest an ordeal should visit them or a painful punishment should befall them.

64

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أَلا إِنَّ لِلَّهِ ما فِي السَّماواتِ وَالأَرضِ ۖ قَد يَعلَمُ ما أَنتُم عَلَيهِ وَيَومَ يُرجَعونَ إِلَيهِ فَيُنَبِّئُهُم بِما عَمِلوا ۗ وَاللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيءٍ عَليمٌ

Transliteration

ʾa-lā ʾinna li-llāhi mā fī s-samāwāti wa-l-ʾarḍi qad yaʿlamu mā ʾantum ʿalayhi wa-yawma yurjaʿūna ʾilayhi fa-yunabbiʾuhum bi-mā ʿamilū wa-llāhu bi-kulli shayʾin ʿalīm^un

Translation

Look! To Allah indeed belongs whatever is in the heavens and the earth. He certainly knows what you are up to, and the day they are brought back to Him He will inform them about what they have done, and Allah has knowledge of all things.