I've had my Covid-19 vaccine -- now what can I safely do? Your questions answered
(CNN)The day has finally come. You've received the second dose of a Covid-19 vaccine currently on the Western market -- Moderna, Pfizer-BioNTech or Oxford-AstraZeneca.
Does that mean you're free to go about life as you did before the pandemic once immunity kicks in?
A pharmacy technician preps doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine at a mass Covid-19 vaccination event on January 30 in Denver.
Sorry,
there is no immunity passport yet, experts told CNN. There are still
safety precautions you need to follow in order to keep you, your loved
ones and everyone else safe and protected from the deadly coronavirus.
Read
on for answers from the experts on top questions such as when can you
stop wearing a mask, eat inside a restaurant, travel, go to sporting
events and concerts, and freely visit friends and family.
Can I please stop wearing a face mask?
Let's "face" it: The answer is no.
Try
to think of a face mask as your new best friend, one that you plan to
cherish and appreciate for a good, long time. Here are five reasons why.
1) It's not 100% protection. Even
the best of the currently available vaccines only offer up to 95%
protection when you are fully immunized. That means there is a 5% chance
you can catch the novel coronavirus at any time.
Think that sounds small? Let's compare that risk to birth control:
Pills, patches, vaginal rings and shots are 91% to 96% effective. Yet
that translates to nine women becoming pregnant for every 100 women on
each of those forms of birth control, according to the US Food and Drug Administration.
2) Everyone's different.
Some people are going to mount more robust immune responses to both
rounds of the Covid-19 vaccination than others. That's one of the key
reasons experts are insisting everyone receive the second shot of the
vaccine within a key time frame.
"In
looking at the Phase 1, Phase 2 data, what I saw with a single dose is
some people had high levels of virus-neutralizing antibody, others were
nonresponders," said vaccine scientist Dr. Peter Hotez, professor and
dean at the National School of Tropical Medicine at Baylor College of
Medicine in Houston, in a prior interview.
"So
the major reason for the second dose is to get everybody to respond. If
you just get a single dose, you don't really know where you stand,"
Hotez said.
Remember, it can take two to three weeks after you get the second shot before your immunity fully kicks in.
3) A moving target. As
is typical with viruses, the SARS-CoV-2 virus is mutating around the
world -- creating variants that are proving to be more contagious than
those the US is currently battling.
Experts
are already warning that antibodies from a prior case of Covid-19 won't
protect against being reinfected with a variant from South Africa.
"If
it becomes dominant, the experience of our colleagues in South Africa
indicate that even if you've been infected with the original virus that
there is a very high rate of reinfection," Dr. Anthony Fauci, director
of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, told CNN's Wolf Blitzer on Monday. "Previous infection does not seem to protect you against reinfection."
There
is also a possibility that the current vaccines won't fully protect
against the new variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. That's being studied
feverishly right now, so stay tuned.
4) You could be a silent spreader. Remember "Typhoid Mary" Mallon?
She was an Irish immigrant who worked as a cook for New York families
and refused to believe she was an asymptomatic conduit for typhoid fever
because she remained healthy. Refusing to cooperate with authorities,
Mallon contaminated at least 122 people in the 1880s, leaving five dead,
before she was caught and quarantined twice for a total of 26 years.
That scenario could apply to Covid-19.
"We
don't yet know whether being vaccinated means that you're no longer a
carrier of coronavirus. That is, fully immunized people may still be
able to spread Covid-19 to others," said CNN Medical Analyst Dr. Leana
Wen, an emergency physician and visiting professor at George Washington
University Milken Institute School of Public Health.
"It's possible that someone could get the vaccine but could still be an asymptomatic carrier," Wen said in a Q&A for CNN.
"They may not show symptoms, but they have the virus in their nasal
passageway so that if they're speaking, breathing, sneezing and so on,
they can still transmit it to others."
5) Will immunity last?
Researchers don't yet know just how long the immunity given by the
current vaccines -- such as it is -- will last. There is a possibility
that booster doses may be needed in the months or years to come. That's
not uncommon -- adults need tetanus and diphtheria boosters every 10
years.
So
until more is known about how long the protection lasts -- and against
which variants -- stay safe and protect others by wearing a mask.
When can I hang out with friends and family?
That
depends on everyone's vaccine status, experts say. If friends or other
members of your family have also received both doses of a Covid-19
vaccine, the risk is greatly reduced, especially if the visit is
outdoors.
"It's
probably pretty safe to see others who were also vaccinated, after
everyone gets both doses and waits a few weeks," Wen said.
It
would also be safe if the unvaccinated friends or family members or
friends quarantined for 10 days before the outdoor get-together.
However,
if the visit is indoors, "there is going to be some level of risk," Wen
said, especially with the current spread of more contagious variants
and the less than 100% efficacy of today's vaccines.
"That
risk will be much lower than if you were not vaccinated, but the risk
is still going to be there to you, and you could still be a risk to the
unvaccinated members of your family, as you could be an asymptomatic
carrier who transmits to them," Wen said.
"If
you really want to spend time with the grandkids indoors, the safest
way to do this is still for everyone to quarantine for at least 10 days
and lower their risk during these 10 days," Wen said. "Quarantining for
seven days and a negative test is an option too, but everyone also has
to do the quarantine — a negative test alone is not enough."
And
again, just because you've been vaccinated, that doesn't reduce your
responsibility. You should continue to wear a mask and practice social
distancing whenever you are around others.
"You
wouldn't want to engage in activities where you could potentially
acquire the novel coronavirus and then transmit it to others," Wen said.
"That
includes seeing other people who are vaccinated, but not wearing a mask
— based on what we know now, they could have the virus and pass it onto
you, and you could pass it onto the people you live with. An abundance
of caution is still a good idea."
When can I eat at an indoor restaurant or go to a concert or sporting event?
Indoor
restaurants are likely hotspots for Covid-19 transmission. That's
partly because no one is wearing a mask while they eat, thus spreading
their respiratory droplets around as they socialize.
The
other reason? Most restaurants do not have HEPA filters or other
filtration equipment on their circulation systems, leaving the air
poorly ventilated and a prime breeding ground for virus spread. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends avoiding "poorly ventilated spaces."
So even with a second vaccine, you're still taking a chance that you might be exposed to Covid-19 and become a silent spreader.
But won't the typical 6-foot spread between tables or booth partitions do the trick?
"I think the 6 feet
indoors is not enough by itself," said Linsey Marr, a professor of
civil and environmental engineering at Virginia Tech, who has been
studying Covid-19 transmission.
"You
have to have good ventilation in that bar or restaurant," said Marr,
the co-author of a paper on airborne transmission of Covid-19 via very
small droplets called aerosols.
However,
even a HEPA filter wouldn't make environmental engineer Marr feel
comfortable eating inside a restaurant. In order for the filter to
protect you, the virus-laden air would have to pass through the air
handling system and be filtered first before it gets to you, she said.
"HEPA
filters reduce the amount of virus in the background air, but most
transmission takes place in these close contact type of scenarios where
you're near someone that's infected and they're spreading lots of virus.
The HEPA filter doesn't help with that," she said.
"And since I can't wear a mask while I'm eating, I'm just avoiding indoor restaurants until this is over," Marr said.
What about fun things to do, such as concerts and sporting events?
"Once
vaccinated, an outdoor sporting event or concert is probably safe, if
there is good social distancing between households and everyone is
wearing masks," Wen said. "Indoor, crowded gatherings are probably still
best to avoid even if you're vaccinated."
Can I travel if I've been vaccinated?
"I
want to emphasize that now is not the time to be traveling period,
internationally or domestically, it's just not a good time to be
traveling," said Dr. Rochelle Walensky, the CDC's new director, in a CNN global town hall last week.
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And that applies to people who have already been vaccinated, added Fauci, the White House chief medical adviser.
"Getting
vaccinated does not say now I have a free pass to travel," Fauci said
at the CNN global town hall. "Nor does it say that I have a free pass to
put aside all of the public health measures that we talk about all the
time."
"I
mean, if you absolutely have to travel and it's essential, then
obviously, one would have to do that. But we don't want people to think
because they got vaccinated, then other public health recommendations
just don't apply," Fauci said.
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