The Banishment al-Ḥashr ( الحشر )
24 verses • revealed at Medinan
»The surah that mentions The Banishment, God’s
expulsion, of the clan of Banū al-Naḍīr from their prodigious
fortress-settlement near Medina, in the mustering it calls the first of
its kind: for they had betrayed their covenant of mutual defence by
aiding idolaters against monotheistic believers. It takes its name from
the “banishment” or “gathering of forces” (ḥashr) of the Jewish tribe
from Medina, which is mentioned in
. The Banū al-Naḍīr, who
originally agreed with the Prophet that they would fight neither for nor
against him, yet, after the Meccan defeat of the Muslims in the Battle
of Uḥud (year 3/625), made an alliance with the Meccans. They also tried
to kill the Prophet while he was in their area. He asked them to leave
and they agreed, but Ibn Ubayy, the head of the “hypocrites” of Medina,
promised them that, if they fought the Muslims, he and his camp would
fight with them ( ff.), and, if they had to leave Medina, he and his
camp would leave with them. Because the Banū al-Naḍīr had repeatedly
broken their agreements, the Muslims besieged them in Medina (in year
4/626), Ibn Ubayy did not keep his promise, and the Banū al-Naḍīr agreed
to leave, some going to Syria and some to Khaybar. In this surah, God
stresses that any gains were His doing and so should be distributed in
accordance with His instructions ( ff.). The end of the surah, consequently, emphasizes obedience and awe towards God (
ff.).«
The surah is also known as: Confrontation, Exile, The Fathering, The Gathering, The Gathering (of Forces), The Mustering.
The surah is also known as: Confrontation, Exile, The Fathering, The Gathering, The Gathering (of Forces), The Mustering.
بِسمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحمٰنِ الرَّحيمِ
1
سَبَّحَ لِلَّهِ ما فِي السَّماواتِ وَما فِي الأَرضِ ۖ وَهُوَ العَزيزُ الحَكيمُ
Transliteration
sabbaḥa li-llāhi mā fī s-samāwāti wa-mā fī l-ʾarḍi wa-huwa l-ʿazīzu l-ḥakīmu
Translation
Whatever there is in the heavens glorifies Allah and whatever there is in the earth, and He is the All-mighty, the All-wise.
2
هُوَ
الَّذي أَخرَجَ الَّذينَ كَفَروا مِن أَهلِ الكِتابِ مِن دِيارِهِم
لِأَوَّلِ الحَشرِ ۚ ما ظَنَنتُم أَن يَخرُجوا ۖ وَظَنّوا أَنَّهُم
مانِعَتُهُم حُصونُهُم مِنَ اللَّهِ فَأَتاهُمُ اللَّهُ مِن حَيثُ لَم
يَحتَسِبوا ۖ وَقَذَفَ في قُلوبِهِمُ الرُّعبَ ۚ يُخرِبونَ بُيوتَهُم
بِأَيديهِم وَأَيدِي المُؤمِنينَ فَاعتَبِروا يا أُولِي الأَبصارِ
Transliteration
huwa
lladhī ʾakhraja lladhīna kafarū min ʾahli l-kitābi min diyārihim
li-ʾawwali l-ḥashri mā ẓanantum ʾan yakhrujū wa-ẓannū ʾannahum
māniʿatuhum ḥuṣūnuhum mina llāhi fa-ʾatāhumu llāhu min ḥaythu lam
yaḥtasibū wa-qadhafa fī qulūbihimu r-ruʿba yukhribūna buyūtahum
bi-ʾaydīhim wa-ʾaydī l-muʾminīna fa-ʿtabirū yā-ʾulī l-ʾabṣāri
Translation
It is He who expelled the faithless belonging to the People of the Book from their homes at the outset of [their] en masse banishment. You did not think that they would go out, and they thought their fortresses would protect them from Allah. But Allah came at them from whence they did not reckon and He cast terror into their hearts. They demolish their houses with their own hands and the hands of the faithful. So take lesson, O you who have insight!
3
وَلَولا أَن كَتَبَ اللَّهُ عَلَيهِمُ الجَلاءَ لَعَذَّبَهُم فِي الدُّنيا ۖ وَلَهُم فِي الآخِرَةِ عَذابُ النّارِ
Transliteration
wa-law-lā ʾan kataba llāhu ʿalayhimu l-jalāʾa la-ʿadhdhabahum fī d-dunyā wa-lahum fī l-ʾākhirati ʿadhābu n-nāri
Translation
If Allah had not ordained banishment for them, He would have surely punished them in this world, and in the Hereafter there is for them the punishment of the Fire.
4
ذٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُم شاقُّوا اللَّهَ وَرَسولَهُ ۖ وَمَن يُشاقِّ اللَّهَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ شَديدُ العِقابِ
Transliteration
dhālika bi-ʾannahum shāqqū llāha wa-rasūlahū wa-man yushāqqi llāha fa-ʾinna llāha shadīdu l-ʿiqābi
Translation
That is because they defied Allah and His Apostle; and whoever defies Allah, indeed Allah is severe in retribution.
5
ما قَطَعتُم مِن لينَةٍ أَو تَرَكتُموها قائِمَةً عَلىٰ أُصولِها فَبِإِذنِ اللَّهِ وَلِيُخزِيَ الفاسِقينَ
Transliteration
mā qaṭaʿtum min līnatin ʾaw taraktumūhā qāʾimatan ʿalā ʾuṣūlihā fa-bi-ʾidhni llāhi wa-li-yukhziya l-fāsiqīna
Translation
Whatever palm trees you cut down or left standing on their roots, it was by Allah’s will, and in order that He may disgrace the transgressors.
6
وَما
أَفاءَ اللَّهُ عَلىٰ رَسولِهِ مِنهُم فَما أَوجَفتُم عَلَيهِ مِن خَيلٍ
وَلا رِكابٍ وَلٰكِنَّ اللَّهَ يُسَلِّطُ رُسُلَهُ عَلىٰ مَن يَشاءُ ۚ
وَاللَّهُ عَلىٰ كُلِّ شَيءٍ قَديرٌ
Transliteration
wa-mā
ʾafāʾa llāhu ʿalā rasūlihī minhum fa-mā ʾawjaftum ʿalayhi min khaylin
wa-lā rikābin wa-lākinna llāha yusalliṭu rusulahū ʿalā man yashāʾu
wa-llāhu ʿalā kulli shayʾin qadīrun
Translation
The spoils that Allah gave to His Apostle from them, you did not spur any horse for its sake, nor any riding camel, but Allah makes His apostles prevail over whomever He wishes, and Allah has power over all things.
7
ما
أَفاءَ اللَّهُ عَلىٰ رَسولِهِ مِن أَهلِ القُرىٰ فَلِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسولِ
وَلِذِي القُربىٰ وَاليَتامىٰ وَالمَساكينِ وَابنِ السَّبيلِ كَي لا يَكونَ
دولَةً بَينَ الأَغنِياءِ مِنكُم ۚ وَما آتاكُمُ الرَّسولُ فَخُذوهُ وَما
نَهاكُم عَنهُ فَانتَهوا ۚ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ ۖ إِنَّ اللَّهَ شَديدُ
العِقابِ
Transliteration
mā
ʾafāʾa llāhu ʿalā rasūlihī min ʾahli l-qurā fa-li-llāhi wa-li-r-rasūli
wa-li-dhī l-qurbā wa-l-yatāmā wa-l-masākīni wa-bni s-sabīli kay lā
yakūna dūlatan bayna l-ʾaghniyāʾi minkum wa-mā ʾātākumu r-rasūlu
fa-khudhūhu wa-mā nahākum ʿanhu fa-ntahū wa-ttaqū llāha ʾinna llāha
shadīdu l-ʿiqābi
Translation
The spoils that Allah gave to His Apostle from the people of the townships, are for Allah and the Apostle, the relatives1 and the orphans, the needy and the traveller, so that they do not circulate among the rich among you. Take whatever the Apostle gives you, and relinquish whatever he forbids you, and be wary of Allah. Indeed Allah is severe in retribution.
- That is, of the Prophet (ṣ), the Banū Hāshim.
8
لِلفُقَراءِ
المُهاجِرينَ الَّذينَ أُخرِجوا مِن دِيارِهِم وَأَموالِهِم يَبتَغونَ
فَضلًا مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرِضوانًا وَيَنصُرونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسولَهُ ۚ
أُولٰئِكَ هُمُ الصّادِقونَ
Transliteration
li-l-fuqarāʾi
l-muhājirīna lladhīna ʾukhrijū min diyārihim wa-ʾamwālihim yabtaghūna
faḍlan mina llāhi wa-riḍwānan wa-yanṣurūna llāha wa-rasūlahū ʾulāʾika
humu ṣ-ṣādiqūna
Translation
[They are also] for the poor Emigrants who have been expelled from their homes and [wrested of] their possessions, who seek grace from Allah and [His] pleasure and help Allah and His Apostle. It is they who are the truthful.1
- That is, true and loyal to their covenant with Allah and His Apostle.
9
وَالَّذينَ
تَبَوَّءُوا الدّارَ وَالإيمانَ مِن قَبلِهِم يُحِبّونَ مَن هاجَرَ
إِلَيهِم وَلا يَجِدونَ في صُدورِهِم حاجَةً مِمّا أوتوا وَيُؤثِرونَ عَلىٰ
أَنفُسِهِم وَلَو كانَ بِهِم خَصاصَةٌ ۚ وَمَن يوقَ شُحَّ نَفسِهِ
فَأُولٰئِكَ هُمُ المُفلِحونَ
Transliteration
wa-lladhīna
tabawwaʾū d-dāra wa-l-ʾīmāna min qablihim yuḥibbūna man hājara ʾilayhim
wa-lā yajidūna fī ṣudūrihim ḥājatan mimmā ʾūtū wa-yuʾthirūna ʿalā
ʾanfusihim wa-law kāna bihim khaṣāṣatun wa-man yūqa shuḥḥa nafsihī
fa-ʾulāʾika humu l-mufliḥūna
Translation
[They are as well] for those who were settled in the land1 and [abided] in faith before them, who love those who migrate toward them, and do not find in their breasts any need for that which is given to them,2 but prefer [the Immigrants] to themselves, though poverty be their own lot. And those who are saved from their own greed —it is they who are the felicitous.
- That is, Madīnah, to which the early Muslims migrated with the Prophet (ṣ).
- That is, to the Immigrants.
10
وَالَّذينَ
جاءوا مِن بَعدِهِم يَقولونَ رَبَّنَا اغفِر لَنا وَلِإِخوانِنَا الَّذينَ
سَبَقونا بِالإيمانِ وَلا تَجعَل في قُلوبِنا غِلًّا لِلَّذينَ آمَنوا
رَبَّنا إِنَّكَ رَءوفٌ رَحيمٌ
Transliteration
wa-lladhīna
jāʾū min baʿdihim yaqūlūna rabbanā ghfir lanā wa-li-ʾikhwāninā lladhīna
sabaqūnā bi-l-ʾīmāni wa-lā tajʿal fī qulūbinā ghillan li-lladhīna
ʾāmanū rabbanā ʾinnaka raʾūfun raḥīmun
Translation
And [also for] those who came in after them, who say, ‘Our Lord, forgive us and our brethren who were our forerunners in the faith, and do not put any rancour in our hearts toward the faithful. Our Lord, You are indeed most kind and merciful.’
11
۞
أَلَم تَرَ إِلَى الَّذينَ نافَقوا يَقولونَ لِإِخوانِهِمُ الَّذينَ
كَفَروا مِن أَهلِ الكِتابِ لَئِن أُخرِجتُم لَنَخرُجَنَّ مَعَكُم وَلا
نُطيعُ فيكُم أَحَدًا أَبَدًا وَإِن قوتِلتُم لَنَنصُرَنَّكُم وَاللَّهُ
يَشهَدُ إِنَّهُم لَكاذِبونَ
Transliteration
ʾa-lam
tara ʾilā lladhīna nāfaqū yaqūlūna li-ʾikhwānihimu lladhīna kafarū min
ʾahli l-kitābi la-ʾin ʾukhrijtum la-nakhrujanna maʿakum wa-lā nuṭīʿu
fīkum ʾaḥadan ʾabadan wa-ʾin qūtiltum la-nanṣurannakum wa-llāhu yashhadu
ʾinnahum la-kādhibūna
Translation
Have you not regarded the hypocrites who say to their brethren, the faithless from among the People of the Book: ‘If you are expelled, we will surely go out with you, and we will never obey anyone against you, and if you are fought against we will surely help you,’ and Allah bears witness that they are indeed liars.
12
لَئِن أُخرِجوا لا يَخرُجونَ مَعَهُم وَلَئِن قوتِلوا لا يَنصُرونَهُم وَلَئِن نَصَروهُم لَيُوَلُّنَّ الأَدبارَ ثُمَّ لا يُنصَرونَ
Transliteration
la-ʾin
ʾukhrijū lā yakhrujūna maʿahum wa-la-ʾin qūtilū lā yanṣurūnahum
wa-la-ʾin naṣarūhum la-yuwallunna l-ʾadbāra thumma lā yunṣarūna
Translation
Surely, if they were expelled they would not go out with them, and if they were fought against they would not help them, and were they to help them they would surely turn their backs [to flee] and then1 they would not be helped.
- That is, the faithless from among the People of the Book.
13
لَأَنتُم أَشَدُّ رَهبَةً في صُدورِهِم مِنَ اللَّهِ ۚ ذٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُم قَومٌ لا يَفقَهونَ
Transliteration
la-ʾantum ʾashaddu rahbatan fī ṣudūrihim mina llāhi dhālika bi-ʾannahum qawmun lā yafqahūna
Translation
Indeed they have a greater awe of you in their hearts than of Allah. That is because they are a lot who do not understand.
14
لا
يُقاتِلونَكُم جَميعًا إِلّا في قُرًى مُحَصَّنَةٍ أَو مِن وَراءِ جُدُرٍ ۚ
بَأسُهُم بَينَهُم شَديدٌ ۚ تَحسَبُهُم جَميعًا وَقُلوبُهُم شَتّىٰ ۚ
ذٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُم قَومٌ لا يَعقِلونَ
Transliteration
lā
yuqātilūnakum jamīʿan ʾillā fī quran muḥaṣṣanatin ʾaw min warāʾi
judurin baʾsuhum baynahum shadīdun taḥsabuhum jamīʿan wa-qulūbuhum
shattā dhālika bi-ʾannahum qawmun lā yaʿqilūna
Translation
They will not fight against you in a body except in fortified townships or from behind walls. Their might is great among themselves. You suppose them to be a body, but their hearts are disunited. That is because they are a lot who do not apply reason,
15
كَمَثَلِ الَّذينَ مِن قَبلِهِم قَريبًا ۖ ذاقوا وَبالَ أَمرِهِم وَلَهُم عَذابٌ أَليمٌ
Transliteration
ka-mathali lladhīna min qablihim qarīban dhāqū wabāla ʾamrihim wa-lahum ʿadhābun ʾalīmun
Translation
like those who, recently before them, tasted the evil consequences of their conduct, and there is a painful punishment for them.
16
كَمَثَلِ الشَّيطانِ إِذ قالَ لِلإِنسانِ اكفُر فَلَمّا كَفَرَ قالَ إِنّي بَريءٌ مِنكَ إِنّي أَخافُ اللَّهَ رَبَّ العالَمينَ
Transliteration
ka-mathali sh-shayṭāni ʾidh qāla li-l-ʾinsāni kfur fa-lammā kafara qāla ʾinnī barīʾun minka ʾinnī ʾakhāfu llāha rabba l-ʿālamīna
Translation
[Or] like Satan, when he prompts man to renounce faith, then, when he renounces faith, he says, ‘Indeed I am absolved of you. Indeed I fear Allah, the Lord of all the worlds.’
17
فَكانَ عاقِبَتَهُما أَنَّهُما فِي النّارِ خالِدَينِ فيها ۚ وَذٰلِكَ جَزاءُ الظّالِمينَ
Transliteration
fa-kāna ʿāqibatahumā ʾannahumā fī n-nāri khālidayni fīhā wa-dhālika jazāʾu ẓ-ẓālimīna
Translation
So the fate of both is that they will be in the Fire, to remain in it [forever]. Such is the requital of the wrongdoers.
18
يا
أَيُّهَا الَّذينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَلتَنظُر نَفسٌ ما قَدَّمَت
لِغَدٍ ۖ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ خَبيرٌ بِما تَعمَلونَ
Transliteration
yā-ʾayyuhā
lladhīna ʾāmanū ttaqū llāha wa-l-tanẓur nafsun mā qaddamat li-ghadin
wa-ttaqū llāha ʾinna llāha khabīrun bi-mā taʿmalūna
Translation
O you who have faith! Be wary of Allah, and let every soul consider what it sends ahead1 for tomorrow, and be wary of Allah. Allah is indeed well aware of what you do.
- Or ‘prepares,’ or ‘makes ready.’
19
وَلا تَكونوا كَالَّذينَ نَسُوا اللَّهَ فَأَنساهُم أَنفُسَهُم ۚ أُولٰئِكَ هُمُ الفاسِقونَ
Transliteration
wa-lā takūnū ka-lladhīna nasū llāha fa-ʾansāhum ʾanfusahum ʾulāʾika humu l-fāsiqūna
Translation
And do not be like those who forget Allah, so He makes them forget their own souls. It is they who are the transgressors.
20
لا يَستَوي أَصحابُ النّارِ وَأَصحابُ الجَنَّةِ ۚ أَصحابُ الجَنَّةِ هُمُ الفائِزونَ
Transliteration
lā yastawī ʾaṣḥābu n-nāri wa-ʾaṣḥābu l-jannati ʾaṣḥābu l-jannati humu l-fāʾizūna
Translation
Not equal are the inmates of the Fire and the inhabitants of paradise. It is the inhabitants of paradise who are the successful ones.
21
لَو
أَنزَلنا هٰذَا القُرآنَ عَلىٰ جَبَلٍ لَرَأَيتَهُ خاشِعًا مُتَصَدِّعًا
مِن خَشيَةِ اللَّهِ ۚ وَتِلكَ الأَمثالُ نَضرِبُها لِلنّاسِ لَعَلَّهُم
يَتَفَكَّرونَ
Transliteration
law
ʾanzalnā hādhā l-qurʾāna ʿalā l-jabalin la-raʾaytahū khāshiʿan
mutaṣaddiʿan min khashyati llāhi wa-tilka l-ʾamthālu naḍribuhā li-n-nāsi
laʿallahum yatafakkarūna
Translation
Had We sent down this Qurʾān upon a mountain, you would have surely seen it humbled [and] go to pieces with the fear of Allah. We draw such comparisons for mankind, so that they may reflect.
22
هُوَ اللَّهُ الَّذي لا إِلٰهَ إِلّا هُوَ ۖ عالِمُ الغَيبِ وَالشَّهادَةِ ۖ هُوَ الرَّحمٰنُ الرَّحيمُ
Transliteration
huwa llāhu lladhī lā ʾilāha ʾillā huwa ʿālimu l-ghaybi wa-sh-shahādati huwa r-raḥmānu r-raḥīmu
Translation
He is Allah—there is no god except Him— Knower of the sensible and the Unseen, He is the All-beneficent, the All-merciful.
23
هُوَ
اللَّهُ الَّذي لا إِلٰهَ إِلّا هُوَ المَلِكُ القُدّوسُ السَّلامُ
المُؤمِنُ المُهَيمِنُ العَزيزُ الجَبّارُ المُتَكَبِّرُ ۚ سُبحانَ اللَّهِ
عَمّا يُشرِكونَ
Transliteration
huwa
llāhu lladhī lā ʾilāha ʾillā huwa l-maliku l-quddūsu s-salāmu l-muʾminu
l-muhayminu l-ʿazīzu l-jabbāru l-mutakabbiru subḥāna llāhi ʿammā
yushrikūna
Translation
He is Allah—there is no god except Him— the Sovereign, the All-holy, the All-benign,1 the Securer, the All-conserver, the All-mighty, the All-compeller, the All-magnanimous. Clear is Allah of any partners that they may ascribe [to Him]!
- Or ‘the Impeccable.’
24
هُوَ
اللَّهُ الخالِقُ البارِئُ المُصَوِّرُ ۖ لَهُ الأَسماءُ الحُسنىٰ ۚ
يُسَبِّحُ لَهُ ما فِي السَّماواتِ وَالأَرضِ ۖ وَهُوَ العَزيزُ الحَكيمُ
Transliteration
huwa
llāhu l-khāliqu l-bāriʾu l-muṣawwiru lahu l-ʾasmāʾu l-ḥusnā yusabbiḥu
lahū mā fī s-samāwāti wa-l-ʾarḍi wa-huwa l-ʿazīzu l-ḥakīmu
Translation
He is Allah, the Creator, the Maker, the Former. To Him belong the Best Names. Whatever there is in the heavens glorifies Him and [whatever there is in] the earth, and He is the All-mighty, the All-wise.
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